Abincin daskararre yana nufin abinci tare da ingantattun kayan abinci masu inganci waɗanda aka sarrafa su yadda ya kamata, daskararre a zazzabi na -30°C, sannan a adana kuma a watsar a -18°C ko ƙasa bayan an shirya. Saboda amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki na kiyaye sarkar sanyi a duk tsawon aikin, abincin daskararre yana da halaye na tsawon rai, mara lalacewa, da amfani mai dacewa, amma kuma yana haifar da mafi girma.kalubalegesda buƙatun mafi girma don kayan tattarawa.
Kayan abinci daskararre gama gari
A halin yanzu, na kowabuhunan kayan abinci daskararreakan kasuwa galibi suna amfani da sifofi masu zuwa:
1. PET/PE
Wannan tsarin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin marufi mai daskararre da sauri. Yana da kyakkyawan tabbacin danshi, juriya mai sanyi, ƙarancin zafin jiki mai rufewa da ƙarancin farashi.
2. BOPP/PE, BOPP/CPP
Wannan nau'in tsarin yana da tabbacin danshi, mai jurewa sanyi, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙarancin zafi mai zafi, kuma yana da ƙarancin tattalin arziki a farashi. Daga cikin su, bayyanar da jin dadin jaka na marufi tare da tsarin BOPP / PE sun fi wadanda ke da tsarin PET / PE, wanda zai iya inganta ingancin samfurin.
3. PET/VMPET/CPE, BOPP/VMPET/CPE
Saboda kasancewar Layer plating na aluminum, wannan nau'in tsarin yana da kyakkyawan bugu na saman, amma aikin rufewar zafi mai ƙarancin zafi ya ɗan fi talauci kuma farashin ya fi girma, don haka yawan amfani da shi yana da ƙananan ƙananan.
4. NY/PE, PET/NY/LLDPE, PET/NY/AL/PE, NY/PE
Marufi tare da irin wannan tsarin yana da tsayayya ga daskarewa da tasiri. Saboda kasancewar NY Layer, juriya na huda yana da kyau sosai, amma farashin yana da yawa. Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don marufi na kusurwa ko samfuran nauyi.
Bugu da kari, akwai kuma jakar PE mai sauki, wacce galibi ana amfani da ita azaman jakar marufi na waje don kayan lambu da abinci mai daskararre.
Baya ga marufi, wasu daskararrun abinci suna buƙatar yin amfani da tire mai ƙyalli. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da tire shine PP. Kayan abinci PP ya fi tsabta kuma ana iya amfani dashi a ƙananan zafin jiki na -30 ° C. Akwai kuma PET da sauran kayan. A matsayin fakitin sufuri na gabaɗaya, kwali-kwali su ne abubuwan farko da za a yi la'akari da su don daskararrun marufi na jigilar abinci saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da fa'idodin tsada.
Matsayin gwaji don daskararrun marufi abinci
Abubuwan da suka cancanta dole ne su kasance da ƙwararrun marufi. Baya ga gwada samfurin kanta, gwajin samfur kuma dole ne ya gwada marufi. Sai bayan an gama gwajin zai iya shiga filin zagayawa. ;
A halin yanzu, babu ƙa'idodi na musamman na ƙasa don gwajin marufin abinci daskararre. Kwararrun masana'antu suna aiki tare da daskararrun masana'antun abinci don haɓaka ƙa'idodin masana'antu. Don haka, lokacin siyan marufi, masu daskararrun masana'antun abinci dole ne su cika ƙa'idodin ƙasa gabaɗaya don abubuwan da suka dace.
Misali:
GB 9685-2008 "Ka'idojin Tsafta don Amfani da Additives don Kwantenan Abinci da Kayan Marufi" ya ƙulla ƙa'idodin tsabta don abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin kwantena abinci da kayan tattarawa;
GB / T 10004-2008 "Fim ɗin Rubutun Filastik don Packaging, Dry Lamination for Bags, and Extrusion Lamination" ya ƙayyade fina-finai masu haɗaka, jaka, da fina-finai na filastik da aka yi ta hanyar busassun lamination da co-extrusion lamination tafiyar matakai da ba su ƙunshi takarda tushe da aluminum. tsare. , bayyanar da alamun jiki na jakar, da kuma ƙayyade adadin ragowar sauran ƙarfi a cikin jakar da aka haɗa da fim;
GB 9688-1988 "Ma'aunin Tsafta don Samfuran Samfuran Polypropylene don Marufin Abinci" ya ƙayyadad da alamun zahiri da sinadarai na fakitin PP na abinci, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi azaman tushen ƙirƙirar ma'auni don blister PP don keɓance abinci mai daskararre;
GB/T 4857.3-4 da GB/T 6545-1998 "Hanyar tantance ƙarfin fashe kwali" bi da bi suna ba da buƙatu don ƙarfin tarawa da ƙarfin fashe kwalayen kwali.
Bugu da kari, a zahirin ayyuka, masana'antun abinci daskararre suma za su tsara wasu ka'idoji na kamfanoni wadanda suka dace da nasu yanayin bisa hakikanin bukatu, kamar bukatu na adadi na tire-buro, bukitin kumfa da sauran samfuran gyare-gyare.
Ba za a iya yin watsi da manyan matsaloli biyu ba
1. Abincin bushewar amfani, "daskararre kona" sabon abu
Ajiye daskararre na iya iyakance girma da haifuwa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da rage yawan lalacewar abinci. Koyaya, don wasu tsarin daskarewa, bushewar amfani da oxidation na abinci zai zama mafi tsanani tare da tsawaita lokacin daskarewa.
A cikin injin daskarewa, ana rarraba yanayin zafi da tururin ruwa na ɓangaren matsa lamba kamar: saman abinci> kewayen iska> mai sanyaya. A gefe guda, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda zafi daga saman abinci yana canjawa zuwa iska da ke kewaye, kuma yawan zafin jiki yana kara raguwa; a gefe guda, bambancin matsa lamba tsakanin tururin ruwa da ke cikin farfajiyar abinci da kuma iskar da ke kewaye da ita yana haifar da ruwa, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara da ƙaddamarwa cikin tururin ruwa zuwa cikin iska.
Ya zuwa yanzu, iskar da ke ɗauke da ƙarin tururin ruwa yana rage yawansa kuma yana motsawa akan injin daskarewa. A ƙananan zafin na'ura mai sanyaya, tururin ruwa yana tuntuɓar saman mai sanyaya kuma ya taso cikin sanyi don haɗa shi, kuma yawan iska yana ƙaruwa, don haka ya nutse ya sake yin hulɗa da abincin. Wannan tsari za a sake maimaita shi, wurare dabam dabam, ruwan da ke kan abincin ya ɓace kullum, nauyin ya ragu, wannan sabon abu shine "bushe amfani". A kan aiwatar da ci gaba da bushe amfani sabon abu, da surface na abinci zai sannu a hankali zama porous nama, ƙara lamba yankin tare da iskar oxygen, hanzarta hadawan abu da iskar shaka na abinci mai, pigment, surface browning, furotin denaturation, wannan sabon abu ne "Daskarewa kona".
Saboda canja wurin tururin ruwa da iskar oxygen a cikin iska sune mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke sama, don haka a matsayin shinge tsakanin abinci mai daskarewa da duniyar waje, kayan marufi na filastik da aka yi amfani da su a cikin marufi na ciki yakamata su sami ruwa mai kyau. tururi da oxygen tarewa aiki.
2. Tasirin yanayin ajiya mai daskarewa akan ƙarfin injina na kayan marufi
Kamar yadda muka sani, robobi za su zama masu karyewa da saurin karyewa idan aka fallasa su zuwa yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci, kuma kadarorin jikinsu za su ragu sosai, wanda ke nuna raunin kayan filastik dangane da rashin juriyar sanyi. Yawancin lokaci, juriya na sanyi na robobi yana bayyana ta yanayin zafi. Yayin da zafin jiki ya ragu, filastik ya zama mai raguwa kuma yana da sauƙin karya saboda raguwa a cikin motsi na sarkar kwayoyin polymer. Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden ƙarfin tasiri, 50% na filastik za su fuskanci gazawa. Zazzabi a wannan lokacin shine zafin jiki mara ƙarfi. Wato, ƙananan iyakar zafin jiki don amfani da kayan filastik na yau da kullum. Idan kayan daskararrun da aka yi amfani da su don daskararrun abinci ba su da ƙarancin juriya na sanyi, a lokacin jigilar kayayyaki da lodi da sauke kaya, ƙayyadaddun fitowar daskararrun abincin na iya huda marufin cikin sauƙi, yana haifar da matsalolin ɗigogi da haɓaka lalata abinci.
A lokacin ajiya da sufuri, abincin daskararre yana kunshe a cikin kwalayen da aka daskare. Ana saita yawan zafin jiki na ajiyar sanyi a -24 ℃ ~ -18 ℃. A cikin ajiyar sanyi, akwatunan da aka yi da katako a hankali za su sha danshi daga mahalli, kuma yawanci suna kaiwa ma'aunin danshi a cikin kwanaki 4. Dangane da wallafe-wallafen da suka dace, lokacin da kwandon kwandon ya kai ma'aunin danshi, damshinsa zai ƙaru da kashi 2% zuwa 3% idan aka kwatanta da bushewar yanayi. Tare da tsawaita lokacin sanyi, ƙarfin matsi na gefen gefen, ƙarfin matsawa, da ƙarfin haɗin gwanon kwali zai ragu a hankali, kuma zai ragu da 31%, 50%, da 21% bi da bi bayan kwanaki 4. Wannan yana nufin cewa bayan shigar da ma'ajiyar sanyi, ƙarfin injinan kwali zai ragu. Ƙarfin yana shafar wani ɗan lokaci, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin rushewar akwatin a mataki na gaba. ;
Abincin da aka daskararre zai yi aikin lodi da yawa da sauke ayyukan yayin sufuri daga wurin ajiyar sanyi zuwa wurin tallace-tallace. Canje-canjen da akai-akai akan bambance-bambancen zafin jiki yana haifar da tururin ruwa da ke cikin iskan da ke kewaye da kwalin kwatankwacin yin takure a saman kwalin, kuma damshin da ke cikin kwalin ya tashi da sauri zuwa kusan kashi 19%. Ƙarfin matsinsa na gefensa zai ragu da kusan 23% zuwa 25%. A wannan lokacin, ƙarfin injin na kwalin kwalin zai ƙara lalacewa, yana ƙara yuwuwar rushewar akwatin. Bugu da kari, yayin aiwatar da tari, manyan akwatunan suna ci gaba da matsa lamba a kan ƙananan kwali. Lokacin da kwali-kwali ya sha damshi kuma ya rage juriyarsu, kwalayen na ƙasa za su zama naƙasassu kuma a farfashe su da farko. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, asarar tattalin arzikin da rugujewar kwali ke haifarwa saboda shayar da danshi da matsananciyar tari ya kai kusan kashi 20% na yawan asarar da ake yi a cikin tsarin zagayawa.
Magani
Domin rage mitar manyan matsalolin biyu na sama da tabbatar da amincin abincin daskararre, zaku iya farawa daga abubuwan da ke gaba.
1. Zaɓi kayan tattarawa na ciki tare da babban shinge da ƙarfin ƙarfi.
Akwai nau'ikan kayan tattarawa da yawa tare da kaddarorin daban-daban. Ta hanyar fahimtar abubuwan da ke cikin jiki na kayan marufi daban-daban za mu iya zaɓar abubuwa masu ma'ana bisa ga ka'idodin kariyar abinci mai daskarewa, ta yadda ba za su iya kawai kula da dandano da ingancin abinci ba, har ma suna nuna ƙimar samfurin.
A halin yanzu, marufi masu sassauƙa na filastik da ake amfani da su a fagen abinci daskararre an raba su zuwa rukuni uku:
Nau'in farko shinejakunkuna marufi guda ɗaya, irin su jakunkuna na PE, waɗanda ke da tasirin shinge mara kyau kuma ana amfani da su akai-akai don shirya kayan lambu;
Kashi na biyu shinehaɗe-haɗe jakunkuna marufi na filastik mai laushi, wanda ke amfani da manne don haɗa nau'i biyu ko fiye na kayan fim na filastik tare, irin su OPP / LLDPE, NY / LLDPE, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ke da ingantacciyar tabbacin danshi, juriya, da kaddarorin huda;
Kashi na uku shineMulti-Layer co-extruded m roba marufi jakunkuna, wanda a cikin abin da albarkatun kasa tare da ayyuka daban-daban irin su PA, PE, PP, PET, EVOH, da dai sauransu suna narke da fitar da su daban, haɗuwa a babban mutu, sa'an nan kuma a hade tare bayan busa gyare-gyare da sanyaya. , Irin wannan nau'in kayan ba ya amfani da mannewa kuma yana da halaye na rashin gurbatawa, babban shinge, babban ƙarfi, tsayi da ƙananan zafin jiki, da dai sauransu.
Bayanai sun nuna cewa a cikin kasashe da yankuna da suka ci gaba, amfani da marufi na uku ya kai kusan kashi 40% na jimillar daskararrun kayan abinci, yayin da a kasata ke da kashi 6% kawai kuma yana bukatar a kara inganta. ;
Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, sabbin kayan aiki suna tasowa ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma fim ɗin marufi na abinci yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilai. Yana amfani da polysaccharides, sunadarai ko lipids masu haɓakawa azaman matrix, kuma suna samar da fim mai kariya akan saman abinci daskararre ta amfani da abubuwan da ake ci na halitta azaman kayan albarkatun ƙasa kuma ta hanyar hulɗar intermolecular ta hanyar nade, tsoma, sutura ko fesa. , don sarrafa canja wurin danshi da shigar da iskar oxygen. Irin wannan fim ɗin yana da ƙarancin juriya na ruwa da ƙarfin juriya na iskar gas. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine ana iya cinye shi tare da abinci mai daskarewa ba tare da gurɓatacce ba, kuma yana da fa'idodin aikace-aikace.
2. Haɓaka juriya mai sanyi da ƙarfin injiniya na kayan tattarawa na ciki
Hanya ta ɗaya, zaɓi fili mai ma'ana ko ɗanyen kayan da aka haɗa tare.
Nylon, LLDPE, EVA duk suna da kyakkyawan juriya mai ƙarancin zafin jiki da juriya na hawaye da juriya mai tasiri. Bugu da ƙari na irin waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa a cikin tsari mai haɗawa ko haɗin gwiwa zai iya inganta ingantaccen ruwa da juriya na iska da ƙarfin inji na kayan marufi.
Hanya na biyu, da kyau ƙara yawan adadin filastik. Plasticizer ne yafi amfani da su raunana subvalent bond tsakanin polymer kwayoyin, don haka kamar yadda don ƙara motsi na polymer kwayoyin sarkar, rage crystallization, bayyana a matsayin rage na polymer taurin, modulus embrittlement zafin jiki, kazalika da inganta elongation da sassauci.
3. inganta ƙarfin matsi na kwalayen corrugated
A halin yanzu, kasuwa na amfani da katan mai ramin ramuka don jigilar abinci daskararre, wannan katon yana kewaye da kusoshi na katako guda huɗu, sama da ƙasa da fashe reshe huɗu na giciye nadawa nau'in roba. Ta hanyar nazarin wallafe-wallafe da tabbatar da gwaji, za a iya gano cewa kartin ya rushe a cikin kwali guda huɗu da aka sanya a tsaye a cikin tsarin akwatin, don haka ƙarfafa ƙarfin matsawa na wannan wuri zai iya inganta ƙarfin ƙarfin kwali na gaba ɗaya. Musamman, da farko, a cikin bangon kwali da ke kewaye da ƙari na hannun zobe, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da kwali mai ƙwanƙwasa, ƙarfinsa, ɗaukar girgiza, na iya hana daskararre abinci mai kaifi huda kwali. Abu na biyu, ana iya amfani da tsarin nau'in akwatin akwatin, irin wannan akwatin yawanci ana yin shi da guntun katako da yawa, jikin akwatin da murfin akwatin an rabu, ta hanyar murfin don amfani. Gwaji ya nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin marufi iri ɗaya, ƙarfin matsi na kwandon tsarin rufaffiyar ya kai kusan sau 2 na kwalin tsarin ramin.
4. Ƙarfafa gwajin marufi
Marufi yana da mahimmanci ga abinci mai daskararre, don haka jihar ta ƙirƙira GB / T24617-2009 Fakitin Kayan Abinci na Daskararre, Alamar, Sufuri da Ajiyewa, SN / T0715-1997 Fitar da Ka'idodin Kayayyakin Kayan Abinci da Daskararru da sauran ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi. ta hanyar saita ƙananan buƙatun kayan aikin kayan aiki, don tabbatar da ingancin dukkanin tsari daga samar da kayan aiki na kayan aiki, tsarin marufi da tasirin marufi. Don wannan, kamfanin ya kamata ya kafa cikakken dakin gwaje-gwajen sarrafa ingancin marufi, sanye take da rami uku hadedde tsarin toshe tsarin oxygen / ruwa mai isar da iskar gas, injin gwajin lantarki mai hankali, injin kwampreso kwali, na'urar gwajin kwampreso, don daskararrun marufi kayan aikin shinge, juriya, huda. juriya, juriya na hawaye, juriya mai tasiri da jerin gwaje-gwaje.
Don taƙaitawa, kayan marufi na abinci mai daskarewa suna fuskantar sabbin buƙatu da sabbin matsaloli a cikin tsarin aikace-aikacen. Nazari da magance waɗannan matsalolin suna da fa'ida sosai don haɓaka ingancin ajiya da sufuri na daskararrun abinci. Bugu da ƙari, inganta tsarin gwajin marufi, kafa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan tattara bayanai, kuma za su samar da tushen bincike don zaɓin kayan gaba da sarrafa inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-23-2023
