Ba duk fina-finai ba daidai suke ba. Wannan yana haifar da matsaloli ga duka winder da mai aiki. Ga yadda za a yi da su. # nasihu masu sarrafawa # mafi kyawun ayyuka
A kan iska ta tsakiya, ana sarrafa tashin hankalin yanar gizo ta hanyar tuƙi na saman da aka haɗa zuwa stacker ko tsunkule rollers don haɓaka sliting yanar gizo da rarrabawar yanar gizo. Ana sarrafa tashin hankali da kansa don haɓaka taurin coil.
Lokacin jujjuya fim ɗin akan winder na tsakiya zalla, tashin hankalin gidan yanar gizo yana haifar da jujjuyawar juzu'i na babban tuƙi. An fara saita tashin hankalin gidan yanar gizo zuwa taurin da ake so sannan kuma a hankali ya ragu yayin da fim ɗin ya tashi.
Lokacin jujjuya fim ɗin akan winder na tsakiya zalla, tashin hankalin gidan yanar gizo yana haifar da jujjuyawar juzu'i na babban tuƙi. An fara saita tashin hankalin gidan yanar gizo zuwa taurin da ake so sannan kuma a hankali ya ragu yayin da fim ɗin ya tashi.
Lokacin jujjuya samfuran fim akan winder na tsakiya/surface, ana kunna abin nadi don sarrafa tashin hankalin yanar gizo. Lokacin jujjuyawa baya dogara da tashin hankalin yanar gizo.
Idan duk gidajen yanar gizo na fim sun kasance cikakke, samar da cikakken nadi ba zai zama babbar matsala ba. Abin takaici, cikakkun fina-finai ba su wanzu saboda bambance-bambancen dabi'a a cikin resins da rashin daidaituwa a cikin samuwar fim, sutura, da filaye da aka buga.
Tare da wannan a zuciyarsa, aikin da ake yi na iska shine tabbatar da cewa waɗannan lahani ba su gani a gani kuma kada su karu a lokacin aikin iska. Sa'an nan kuma ma'aikacin winder dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa tsarin iska ba zai ƙara yin tasiri ga ingancin samfur ba. Ƙalubalen ƙalubale shine ɗaukar fim ɗin marufi mai sassauƙa ta yadda zai iya aiki ba tare da matsala ba a cikin tsarin samar da abokin ciniki kuma ya samar da samfur mai inganci ga abokan cinikin su.
Muhimmancin Rikicin Fim Dinsity, ko tashin hankali, shine abu mafi mahimmanci wajen tantance ko fim ɗin yana da kyau ko mara kyau. Raunin bidi'a a hankali ba zai zama "daga ba" lokacin rauni, sarrafa, ko adanawa. Zagaye na rolls yana da matukar mahimmanci ga abokin ciniki don samun damar aiwatar da waɗannan rolls a matsakaicin saurin samarwa yayin da yake riƙe ƙarancin canje-canjen tashin hankali.
Ƙunƙarar rauni mai tsauri na iya haifar da matsalolin nasu. Za su iya haifar da matsala tare da lahani lokacin da yadudduka suka haɗu ko sanda. Lokacin jujjuya fim ɗin shimfiɗa a kan sirara mai katanga, jujjuya juzu'in nadi na iya sa ainihin ta karye. Wannan na iya haifar da matsala lokacin cire shaft ko saka shaft ko chuck yayin ayyukan kwance damara na gaba.
Rubutun da aka raunata sosai zai iya tsananta lahani na yanar gizo. Fina-finai yawanci suna da ƙananan wurare masu tsayi da ƙasa a cikin ɓangaren mashin ɗin inda gidan yanar gizon ya fi kauri ko sirara. Lokacin jujjuya dura mater, wuraren da kauri mai girman gaske suna mamaye juna. Lokacin da ɗaruruwa ko ma dubban yadudduka suka ji rauni, manyan sassan suna samar da tudu ko tsinkaya akan nadi. Lokacin da aka shimfiɗa fim ɗin a kan waɗannan tsinkaya, yana lalata. Waɗannan wuraren suna haifar da lahani da ake kira "aljihu" a cikin fim ɗin yayin da nadi ya buɗe. Gilashin da ke da kauri mai kauri kusa da sliver mai kauri zai iya haifar da lahani na iska da ake kira waviness ko alamar igiya akan iska.
Ƙananan canje-canje a cikin kauri na raunin rauni ba zai zama sananne ba idan an sami isasshen iska a cikin jujjuyawar a cikin ƙananan sassan kuma ba a shimfiɗa yanar gizo a cikin manyan sassan ba. Koyaya, tilas ɗin dole ne a yi musu rauni sosai yadda za su yi zagaye kuma su kasance haka yayin sarrafawa da ajiya.
Bambance-bambancen na'ura-zuwa-na'ura Wasu fina-finai masu sassauƙa na marufi, ko a lokacin aikin fitar da su ko a lokacin rufewa da lamination, suna da bambance-bambancen kauri na inji-zuwa-na'ura waɗanda suke da girman gaske ba tare da ƙari ga waɗannan lahani ba. Don daidaita bambance-bambancen na'ura-zuwa na'ura na winder, gidan yanar gizo ko slitter rewinder da winder suna matsawa gaba da gaba dangane da gidan yanar gizo yayin da aka yankewa yanar gizo rauni. Wannan motsi na gefe na injin ana kiransa oscillation.
Domin yin murzawa cikin nasara, gudun dole ne ya kasance mai girma wanda zai iya bambanta kauri ba da gangan ba, kuma ƙasa da ƙasa don kada ya murƙushe fim ɗin. Dokar babban yatsan yatsa don matsakaicin saurin girgiza shine 25 mm (inch 1) a cikin minti daya na kowane 150 m/min (500 ft/min). Mahimmanci, saurin oscillation yana canzawa daidai da saurin juyi.
Binciken Tsaurin Yanar Gizo Lokacin da wani nadi na marufi mai sassauƙa na fim ya ji rauni a cikin nadi, akwai tashin hankali a cikin nadi ko saura damuwa. Idan wannan damuwa ya zama babba yayin iska, iskar ta ciki zuwa ga ainihin za ta kasance da babban nauyi mai nauyi. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da lahani na "kumburi" a wuraren da aka keɓe na nada. Lokacin zazzage finafinan da ba na roba ba kuma masu santsi sosai, Layer na ciki na iya sassautawa, wanda zai iya sa jujjuyawar ta lanƙwasa lokacin rauni ko miƙewa lokacin da ba a samu rauni ba. Don hana wannan, dole ne a raunata bobbin tam a kusa da ainihin, sa'an nan kuma ƙasa da ƙarfi yayin da diamita na bobbin ke ƙaruwa.
Ana kiran wannan da yawa a matsayin mai jujjuya hardness taper. Mafi girma diamita na ƙãre rauni bale, mafi muhimmanci da taper profile na bale. Sirrin yin kyakkyawan gini mai ƙunci na ƙarfe shine farawa da tushe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi sannan a juyar da shi tare da raguwar tashin hankali a kan coils.
Mafi girma diamita na ƙãre rauni bale, mafi muhimmanci da taper profile na bale.
Kyakkyawan tushe mai ƙarfi yana buƙatar cewa iska ta fara tare da babban inganci, ingantaccen cibiya. Yawancin kayan fim suna rauni akan ainihin takarda. Dole ne ainihin ya kasance mai ƙarfi da zai iya jure yanayin iska mai ƙarfi wanda fim ɗin ya yi rauni a kusa da ainihin. Yawanci, ainihin takarda yana bushe a cikin tanda zuwa danshi na 6-8%. Idan an adana waɗannan muryoyin a cikin yanayi mai zafi, za su sha wannan danshin kuma su faɗaɗa zuwa diamita mafi girma. Bayan haka, bayan aikin iska, ana iya bushe waɗannan muryoyin zuwa ƙananan abun ciki kuma a rage girman su. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, tushen jifa mai ƙarfi zai ɓace! Wannan na iya haifar da lahani kamar wargaɗi, kumbura da/ko fitowar rolls lokacin da ake sarrafa su ko buɗe su.
Mataki na gaba don samun tushe mai kyau mai mahimmanci shine fara iska tare da mafi girman yuwuwar taurin nada. Sa'an nan kuma, yayin da abin nadi na kayan fim ya ji rauni, ƙarfin jujjuya ya kamata ya ragu daidai. Rage shawarar da aka ba da shawarar yin taurin birgima a diamita na ƙarshe shine yawanci 25% zuwa 50% na ainihin taurin da aka auna a ainihin.
Ƙimar taurin mirgine na farko da ƙimar taper na tashin hankali yakan dogara ne akan ƙimar ginawa na mirgine rauni. Abubuwan da ke tashi shine rabon diamita na waje (OD) na ainihin zuwa diamita na ƙarshe na nadi mai rauni. Mafi girman diamita na ƙarshe na bale (mafi girman tsarin), mafi mahimmanci ya zama farawa tare da tushe mai ƙarfi kuma sannu a hankali iska mai laushi bales. Tebu na 1 yana ba da ƙa'idar babban yatsan yatsa don ƙimar da aka ba da shawarar rage taurin dangane da abin tarawa.
Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su don taurin yanar gizo sune ƙarfin yanar gizo, matsa lamba (latsa ko stacker rollers ko winder reels), da jujjuyawar jujjuyawar wutar lantarki daga tsakiyar motar lokacin da zazzage gidajen yanar gizo na fim akan tsakiya / saman. Waɗannan abubuwan da ake kira ka'idodin iska na TNT an tattauna su a cikin labarin a cikin fitowar Fasahar Filastik ta Janairu 2013. Mai zuwa yana bayyana yadda ake amfani da kowane ɗayan waɗannan kayan aikin don ƙirƙira masu gwajin taurin ƙarfi kuma yana ba da ƙa'idar babban yatsan ƙima don ƙimar farko don samun ma'aunin taurin da ake buƙata don kayan marufi daban-daban.
Ka'idar karfin iska ta yanar gizo. Lokacin zazzage fina-finai na roba, tashin hankali na yanar gizo shine babban ka'idar iska da ake amfani da ita don sarrafa taurin nadi. Fim ɗin yana da ƙarfi yana shimfiɗawa kafin ya tashi, ƙarfin raunin rauni zai kasance. Kalubalen shine tabbatar da cewa yawan tashin hankali na yanar gizo baya haifar da damuwa na dindindin a cikin fim din.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig. 1, a lokacin da iska fim a kan tsantsa cibiyar winder, yanar gizo tashin hankali ne halitta ta winding karfin juyi na cibiyar drive. An fara saita tashin hankalin gidan yanar gizo zuwa taurin da ake so sannan kuma a hankali ya ragu yayin da fim ɗin ya tashi. Ƙarfin yanar gizon da cibiyar ke samarwa yawanci ana sarrafa shi a cikin rufaffiyar madauki tare da amsa daga firikwensin tashin hankali.
Ƙimar ƙarfin farko da na ƙarshe na wani abu na musamman ana ƙididdige shi ta zahiri. Kyakkyawan tsarin babban yatsan yatsa don kewayon ƙarfin gidan yanar gizo shine 10% zuwa 25% na ƙarfin juriyar fim ɗin. Yawancin labaran da aka buga suna ba da shawarar takamaiman adadin ƙarfin yanar gizo don wasu kayan yanar gizo. Tebur na 2 ya ba da shawarar tashin hankali don yawancin kayan yanar gizon da aka yi amfani da su a cikin marufi masu sassauƙa.
Don iska a kan iska mai tsaftar cibiyar, tashin hankali na farko ya kamata ya kasance kusa da babban ƙarshen kewayon tashin hankali da aka ba da shawarar. Sa'an nan a hankali rage tashin hankali zuwa ƙananan da aka ba da shawarar da aka nuna a cikin wannan tebur.
Ƙimar ƙarfin farko da na ƙarshe na wani abu na musamman ana ƙididdige shi ta zahiri.
Lokacin da ake juyar da gidan yanar gizon laminated wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban, don samun matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin gidan yanar gizon da aka ba da shawarar don tsarin da aka lanƙwara, kawai ƙara matsakaicin ƙarfin gidan yanar gizon kowane kayan da aka lanƙwasa tare (yawanci ba tare da la'akari da shafi ko manne Layer) jimlar wadannan tashin hankali. a matsayin matsakaicin tashin hankali na gidan yanar gizon laminate.
Wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin tashin hankali lokacin laminating m fim composites shi ne cewa mutum yanar gizo dole ne a tensioned kafin lamination sabõda haka, nakasawa (elongation na yanar gizo saboda da yanar gizo tashin hankali) ya kasance kusan iri ɗaya ga kowane gidan yanar gizo. Idan yanar gizo ɗaya ta ja sosai fiye da sauran gidajen yanar gizo, matsalolin murɗawa ko ɓarna, waɗanda aka sani da "tunneling", na iya faruwa a cikin gidajen yanar gizo masu lanƙwasa. Adadin tashin hankali yakamata ya zama rabon modules zuwa kaurin yanar gizo don hana curling da/ko tunneling bayan aikin lamination.
Ka'idar cizon karkace. Lokacin jujjuya fina-finan da ba na roba ba, matsawa da juzu'i sune manyan ka'idojin iska da ake amfani da su don sarrafa taurin nadi. Matsi yana daidaita taurin mirgine ta hanyar cire iyakar iyakar iska da ke biye da gidan yanar gizo a cikin abin abin nadi. Matsa kuma yana haifar da tashin hankali akan nadi. Ƙaƙƙarfan matsewa, da ƙarfi mai jujjuyawar abin nadi. Matsalar iskar fim ɗin marufi mai sassauƙa shine samar da isassun matsa lamba don cire iska da iska sama da ƙarfi, mirgina kai tsaye ba tare da haifar da tashin hankali da iska mai yawa ba yayin iska don hana nadi daga ɗaure ko iska a cikin wuraren kauri waɗanda ke lalata gidan yanar gizo.
Load ɗin manne ba ya dogara da abu fiye da tashin hankali na gidan yanar gizo kuma yana iya bambanta ko'ina dangane da abu da taurin abin nadi da ake buƙata. Don hana wrinkling na raunin fim ɗin da nip ya haifar, nauyin da ke cikin nip shine mafi ƙarancin buƙata don hana iska daga tarko a cikin nadi. Wannan nau'in nip yawanci ana kiyaye shi akan masu iska na tsakiya saboda yanayi yana ba da ƙarfin nauyin nip akai-akai don mazugi mai matsa lamba a cikin nip. Yayin da diamita na nadi ya zama ya fi girma, wurin tuntuɓar (yankin) na ratar tsakanin abin nadi da nadi mai matsa lamba ya zama mafi girma. Idan nisa na wannan waƙa ya canza daga 6 mm (0.25 inch) a ainihin zuwa 12 mm (0.5 inch) a cikakken nadi, matsawar iska ta atomatik tana raguwa da 50%. Bugu da kari, yayin da diamita na abin nadi ya karu, yawan iskar da ke bin saman abin nadi shima yana karuwa. Wannan iyakar iyakar iska tana ƙara matsa lamba na hydraulic a ƙoƙarin buɗe tazarar. Wannan ƙarar matsa lamba yana ƙara taper na ƙugiya yayin da diamita ke ƙaruwa.
A kan na'urori masu fadi da sauri da ake amfani da su don yin iskar manyan juzu'i na diamita, yana iya zama dole a ƙara kaya a kan matsewar don hana iska daga shiga cikin nadi. A kan fig. 2 yana nuna winder na fim na tsakiya tare da juzu'in matsa lamba mai ɗorewa wanda ke amfani da tashin hankali da kayan aiki masu ɗaure don sarrafa ƙaƙƙarfan nadi.
Wani lokaci iska abokinmu ne. Wasu fina-finai, musamman ma manyan fina-finai na "masu ɗanɗano" waɗanda ke da matsala tare da daidaituwa, suna buƙatar jujjuya tazara. Girgizar tazarar tana ba da damar shigar da ɗan ƙaramin iska a cikin bale don hana matsalolin yanar gizo da ke makale a cikin bale kuma yana taimakawa hana rikicewar yanar gizo lokacin amfani da tsiri mai kauri. Don samun nasarar iskar waɗannan fina-finai na rata, aikin iska dole ne ya kula da ɗan ƙaramin rata mai dorewa tsakanin abin nadi da naɗawa. Wannan ƙaramin rata mai sarrafawa yana taimakawa mitar raunin iska akan nadi kuma yana jagorantar yanar gizo kai tsaye zuwa cikin iska don hana wrinkling.
Ƙa'idar iska mai ƙarfi. Kayan aikin juzu'i don samun taurin juyi shine ƙarfin da aka haɓaka ta tsakiyar nadi. Ana watsa wannan ƙarfin ta hanyar ragamar raga inda yake jan ko ja a kan kunsa na ciki na fim ɗin. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ana amfani da wannan juzu'in don ƙirƙirar ƙarfin yanar gizo akan iska ta tsakiya. Ga irin waɗannan nau'ikan iska, tashin hankali na yanar gizo da juzu'i suna da ka'idar iska iri ɗaya.
Lokacin da ake jujjuya samfuran fina-finai akan winder na tsakiya/surface, ana kunna rollers na tsunkule don sarrafa tashin hankali na yanar gizo kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 3. Damuwar yanar gizo ta shiga cikin winder ba ta da zaman kanta daga tashin hankali da wannan karfin ya haifar. Tare da ci gaba da tashin hankali na gidan yanar gizo yana shiga cikin winder, yawan tashin hankalin yanar gizo mai shigowa yawanci ana kiyaye shi akai-akai.
Lokacin yankan da sake jujjuya fim ko wasu kayan tare da babban rabo na Poisson, yakamata a yi amfani da iska ta tsakiya/surface, faɗin zai bambanta dangane da ƙarfin gidan yanar gizon.
Lokacin da ake juyar da samfuran fina-finai akan na'urar iska ta tsakiya / saman, ana sarrafa tashin hankali a cikin madauki mai buɗewa. Yawanci, tashin hankali na farko shine 25-50% mafi girma fiye da tashin hankali na gidan yanar gizo mai shigowa. Sa'an nan, yayin da diamita na gidan yanar gizo ke ƙaruwa, tashin hankali yana raguwa a hankali, ya kai ko ma ƙasa da tashin hankalin gidan yanar gizon mai shigowa. Lokacin da tashin hankali ya fi girma da tashin hankali na gidan yanar gizo mai shigowa, matsi na abin nadi saman tuƙi yana sake haɓakawa ko haifar da karfin juyi mara kyau (braking). Yayin da diamita na abin nadi ya karu, tuƙin tafiye-tafiye zai ba da ƙarancin birki har sai an kai sifiri; to, tashin hankali na iska zai kasance daidai da tashin hankali na yanar gizo. Idan an tsara tashin hankali na iska a ƙasa da ƙarfin yanar gizon, tuƙin ƙasa zai ja daɗaɗɗa mai kyau don ramawa ga bambanci tsakanin ƙananan iska da ƙarfin yanar gizo mafi girma.
Lokacin yankan da jujjuya fim ko wasu kayan tare da babban rabo na Poisson, yakamata a yi amfani da iska ta tsakiya / saman, kuma faɗin zai canza tare da ƙarfin yanar gizo. Cibiyoyin iska na saman tsakiya suna kula da tsayin daka mai tsayi saboda ana amfani da tashin hankali na yanar gizo akai-akai akan winder. Za a yi nazarin taurin mirgine bisa la'akari da juzu'i a cibiyar ba tare da matsaloli tare da nisa taper ba.
Tasirin abubuwan da ke haifar da rikice-rikice na fim akan jujjuyawar kaddarorin fim ɗin interlaminar na gogayya (COF) suna da babban tasiri akan ikon yin amfani da ƙa'idar TNT don samun taurin mirgine da ake so ba tare da lahani na birgima ba. Gabaɗaya magana, fina-finai tare da ƙimar juzu'i na 0.2-0.7 mirgine da kyau. Koyaya, jujjuyawar fim ɗin mara lahani tare da babban ko ƙaramar zamewa (ƙananan ko ƙimar juzu'i) galibi yana gabatar da manyan matsalolin iska.
Fina-finan zamewa suna da ƙarancin ƙima na rikice-rikice na interlaminar (yawanci ƙasa da 0.2). Waɗannan fina-finai galibi suna fama da zamewar yanar gizo na ciki ko matsalolin iska yayin iska da/ko ayyukan kwancewa na gaba, ko matsalolin sarrafa yanar gizo tsakanin waɗannan ayyukan. Wannan zamewar ruwan wuka na ciki na iya haifar da lahani kamar tagullar ruwa, haƙora, telescoping da/ko lahani na abin nadi na tauraro. Ƙananan fina-finai masu tayar da hankali suna buƙatar rauni sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu a kan babban juzu'i mai ƙarfi. Sa'an nan kuma iska da tashin hankali da aka haifar da wannan karfin juyi sannu a hankali rage zuwa mafi ƙarancin darajar sau uku zuwa hudu na waje diamita na ainihin, da kuma da ake bukata jujjuya rigidity ana samun ta ta amfani da manne winding ka'idar. Air ba zai taɓa zama abokinmu ba idan ya zo ga karkatar da babban zamewar fim. Waɗannan fina-finai dole ne a yi rauni koyaushe tare da isassun ƙarfi don hana iska shiga cikin nadi yayin iska.
Ƙananan fim ɗin zamewa yana da ƙima mafi girma na rikice-rikice na interlaminar (yawanci sama da 0.7). Wadannan fina-finai sukan sha wahala daga toshewa da/ko al'amurran da suka shafi wrinkling. Lokacin da ake juyar da fina-finai tare da babban juzu'i na juzu'i, mirgine ovality a ƙananan saurin juyi da matsalolin bouncing a babban saurin iska na iya faruwa. Waɗannan naɗaɗɗen ƙila sun sami lahani masu ɗagawa ko ƙwanƙwasa waɗanda aka fi sani da kullin zame ko zamewar wrinkles. Fina-finan tashin hankali sun fi kyau rauni tare da ratar da ke rage tazarar da ke tsakanin bi da bi. Dole ne a tabbatar da yadawa a kusa da wuri mai yiwuwa zuwa wurin rufewa. FlexSpreader ya ba da riguna masu raɗaɗi da kyau suna jujjuyawa kafin a yi iskar kuma yana taimakawa rage lahani masu zamewa yayin da yake jujjuyawa tare da babban gogayya.
Ƙara koyo Wannan labarin yana bayyana wasu lahani na nadi waɗanda za su iya haifar da taurin nadi ba daidai ba. Sabuwar Jagorar Gyara matsala ta Ƙarshen Ƙarfafawa da nakasar Yanar Gizo ta sa ya fi sauƙi ganowa da gyara waɗannan da sauran na'urorin nadi da na yanar gizo. Wannan littafin sabuntawa ne kuma haɓakar sigar mafi kyawun Roll and Web Defect Glossary ta TAPPI Press.
Ƙwararrun masana'antu 22 ne suka rubuta kuma suka gyara Ɗabi'ar Ƙarfafawa tare da fiye da shekaru 500 na gwaninta a reel da winding. Akwai ta hanyar TAPPI, danna nan.
R. Duane Smith is the Specialty Winding Manager for Davis-Standard, LLC in Fulton, New York. With over 43 years of experience in the industry, he is known for his expertise in coil handling and winding. He received two winding patents. Smith has given over 85 technical presentations and published over 30 articles in major international trade journals. Contacts: (315) 593-0312; dsmith@davis-standard.com; davis-standard.com.
Kudin kayan aiki shine mafi girman farashin kayan da aka fitar, don haka yakamata a karfafa masu sarrafawa don rage waɗannan farashin.
Wani sabon binciken ya nuna yadda nau'in da adadin LDPE da aka haɗe tare da LLDPE yana rinjayar aiki da ƙarfin / ƙarfin ƙarfin fim ɗin da aka hura. Bayanan da aka nuna don haɗe-haɗe ne da aka wadatar da LDPE da LLDPE.
Maido da samarwa bayan kiyayewa ko gyara matsala yana buƙatar haɗin kai. Anan ga yadda ake daidaita takaddun aiki kuma a tashi da su cikin sauri da sauri.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 24-2023
